Günaydın: “Good morning”
İyi akşamlar : “Good evening”
İyi geceler : “Good night”
In English the expressions; Good evening and Good night are singular. In Turkish they are plural.
Merhaba :“Hello!, Hi!”
“Merhaba” corresponds to “Hello!, Hi!” in English. Its usage is identical in either language. . The reply for “Merhaba” is “Merhaba”. But, “Merhaba” is not used for “Hello!” on the telephone. This type of “Hello” is “Alo”
Selam: “Hello!, Hi!”
“Selam” is more informal than “Merhaba”
Selamünaleyküm: literally means “May God’s peace be upon you” and is used by Muslims as a greeting.
Aleykümselam: is said in reply to the greeting “Selamünaleyküm”.
Allahaısmarladık, Hoşca kalın : “Goodbye”
Güle güle :“Goodbye”
The one who leaves, says “Allahaısmarladık” or “Hoşca kalın”.
The one who stays behind, says “Güle güle”
“Allahaısmarladık” is literally, “I leave you to God’s care”. It is almost the same with “Goodbye” “Goodbye” in English is the clipping of “ God bless you”.
“Hoçca kalın” corresponds “Stay well” in English.
“Güle güle” corresponds “Go well” in English.
Either “Allahaısmarladık” or “Hoşca kalın” is correct in informal situations. But in formal situatiaons “Hoşca kalın” is better.
İyi günler: “Have a good day”
Its usage is almost the same as in English. It is also the formal of “Allahısmarladık” and “Hoşca kalın”.The reply for “İyi günler” is either “İyi günler” or “Size de” (same to you)
Gürüşürüz: “See you later”
The reply for “Görüşürüz” is “Görüşürüz.”
Allah rahatlık versin : This is an informal expression for “Good night”. It means “May God give you peace and comfort” It is generally used by the members of the family at home or friends before going to bed. The reply for “Allah rahatlı versin” is “Sana da”(same to you)
Buyurun, Buyrun :
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When someone wants to visit you , and asks if you have time, your positive answer will be “Buyrun”, which literally is an invitation and it means that the speaker will be happy to see the quest in his/her home.
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When someone wants to say or ask you someting you will give him the chance to speak by saying “Buyrun!”. This corresponds to “Yes, please” in English.
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When you go in a store the shopkeeper will say “Buyrun” to you. It means “May I help you?” in English.
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When you offer your guest something to eat or drink you bring it and say “Buyrun” to the guest. This corresponds to “This is for you”, or “Help yourself, please.” in English. In this usage the reply for “Buyrun” is “Teşekkür ederim” (Thank you)
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If you want to give way to someone at a door or you want him go first you step aside and say “Buyrun” It corresponds “After you” in English. The reply is “Teşekkür ederim”
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When someone at your door and wants to go in you say “Buyrun” , and he comes in. This is for “Come in, pls” in English.
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When someone comes to visit you you offer him a seat by saying “Buyrun” This is “Have a seat, pls” in Turkish.
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When you pick up the receiver to answer the phone you can either say “Alo!” , or “Buyrun!” This is “Hello!” in English.